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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression The use of medication can help a lot of people manage anxiety, but they're not the only solution. Exercise and psychotherapy are powerful treatments too. Certain antidepressants can treat anxiety as well, such as SSRIs, like citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Others, such as histamine blockers such Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can also help relieve anxiety. Antidepressants If you're diagnosed with depression, your doctor may prescribe medication as part of your treatment plan. Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications and there are numerous kinds to pick from. The type you choose by your doctor will depend on the severity of your symptoms as well as any other medical conditions you have, and the treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way your brain's nerve cells communicate. They accomplish this by increasing the quantity of certain neurotransmitters, which improves mood and anxiety. Antidepressants can take several weeks to produce results, so take your time and stick to your regimen. Benzodiazepines may also be prescribed by your physician to treat depression or anxiety. These medications are fast-acting and can help relieve anxiety and depression symptoms within a short amount of time. Benzodiazepines are lorazepam, alprazolam and others. They block the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline which are hormones that play a role in the fight or flight reaction. Monoamine oxidase inhibiters are an antidepressant of a different type that is effective in treating depression and anxiety. They are usually reserved for those who aren't responding to other antidepressants. They also require changes in diet to prevent hypertensive reactions triggered by interactions with the amino acid tyramine. If you're taking an antidepressant prescription, tell your doctor about the other medications you're taking, such as vitamins and supplements. You may need to reduce the dosage if other medications affect the way antidepressants function or if they cause adverse effects. If you suspect you're having thoughts of suicide, get help right away from a medical professional. You might have different symptoms of anxiety and depression, or you might have comorbid depression and anxiety. Those with comorbid depression and anxiety suffer from a worse medical outlook than those who suffer from either disorder on their own. Certain psychiatric medications have been found to be particularly helpful in treating both disorders in people with comorbid depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines Anxiety symptoms can be alleviated by benzodiazepines. These include alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan). These drugs act on the central nervous system's benzodiazepine receptors which are proteins that consist of 5 transmembrane subunits that shape a benzyl chloride channel in the middle. The benzodiazepine receptors also have one that binds to the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines inhibit nerve activity by increasing the levels of GABA-A. Benzodiazepines are known to have a quick time to begin their action, however they have a high chance of dependence and addiction. disorders anxiety , anticonvulsants, and buspirone all have a longer duration of action, but are more suitable for long-term use because they do not cause dependence or tolerance. Anxiety and depression are often comorbid, and antidepressants can help decrease depressive symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Many people with depression have a combination both of anxious and depressive symptoms. They'll have to combine medication and therapy to manage their symptoms. In these cases benzodiazepines are utilized for brief durations to treat anxiety and depression symptoms until another medication takes effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a short period of time, but not on a daily basis. Taking benzodiazepines for extended periods of time may cause withdrawal symptoms, like shaking and trouble sleeping, so these medications should only be used according to the prescription of your doctor. Discuss with your doctor if have ever had any issues with substance abuse, dependence or mental health. Your doctor will be able to discuss potential adverse effects and suggest other treatments for depression, if needed. If you have never used benzodiazepines before or if you are taking them in excess they can lead to serious and sometimes fatal side effects. If you are breastfeeding, pregnant or have any history of liver disease, digestive or respiratory problems your doctor may suggest lower doses or limit the duration of your treatment with these medications. Alcohol can interact negatively with benzodiazepines and increase the risk of side-effects and dependence. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking these medications. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be used as an option to treat anxiety symptoms. They are a form of medication different from benzodiazepines like Xanax and work by blocking the receptors to which adrenaline binds. They also reduce brain and nervous system activity. They can be used as an alternative to benzodiazepines which are more addictive and carry an increased risk of dependency. Beta blockers are typically prescribed for heart ailments, and can be helpful in treating anxiety because they lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate. However, they are not specifically approved by the FDA to treat of anxiety disorders. They are often employed “off label” for this purpose and are a great option if other anti-anxiety medications don't provide relief or do not have acceptable adverse effects. They are especially efficient in cases of social anxiety and performance anxiety, where uncomfortable symptoms can arise when you are experiencing events that trigger anxiety. They can also be used in combination with other treatment modalities like CBT or SSRIs. They are especially effective as an addition therapy for people suffering from GAD, which is characterized by frequent and persistent worry that interferes with daily life activities. They can also assist in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing pulse or increased sweating. Beta-blockers may help alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety, they don't address the underlying mental issues that cause the condition. They are best used as a supplement to other treatments such as SSRIs and benzodiazepines. It is essential to discuss your medical history and other health concerns with your doctor before taking beta-blockers. These drugs are associated with lower psychiatric admissions as well as suicidal behavior, however the results may differ based on the specific psychiatric diagnosis and the psychiatric history of the past. Additionally, they are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events in some patients. There are some natural products that have beta-blocker-like properties, but they are not as effective as prescription medications. These include antioxidants, garlic, the saffron plant and potassium. The efficacy of these natural products is not fully realized. Certain supplements could cause serious adverse side adverse effects, therefore it is recommended to consult a physician before taking them. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are used to alter the way that your brain functions. They block the function of an enzyme known as monoamine oxidase. It breaks down the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine, which allow your brain cells to communicate with one with each other. By blocking monoamine oxidase, MAOIs help to keep more chemical messengers in your brain, which boosts your mood by enhancing brain cell communication. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorder s, specifically anxiety-related disorders such as agoraphobia, mixed depression and anxiety. They are less effective in treating pure anxiety and might not help in a panic attack. The effectiveness of MAOIs has been linked to their capacity to increase serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels in the brain. These neurotransmitters are naturally produced in the body and released into the bloodstream where they are absorbed by nerve cells and act as messengers. The first antidepressant that was developed in the 1950s was iproniazid, which inhibited monoamine oxidase. This led to the creation of other MAOIs, like tranylcypromine or isocarboxazid, that have been around for decades to combat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. Because they can have interactions with food and drugs, and can lead to a serious withdrawal syndrome if stopped suddenly, MAOIs are typically only used for patients who fail to respond to other treatments. A newer version of MAOI, called an irreversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor, is under investigation for use in treatment resistant depression. It is not recommended for use in bipolar disorder as it can precipitate manic symptoms. Selegiline, a newer MAOI (also known as Eldepryl or Zelapar), has been studied to treat Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidase but does not affect other enzymes which break down levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson's. These medications can be used either on their own or in combination with other antidepressants. In certain patients, MAOIs may trigger a reaction that causes hyper-reflexia and neuromuscular excitability. This can manifest as muscle twitching, eyelid twitching and other signs. These reactions are more prevalent when these medications are used together with certain foods like aged cheeses and preserved meats.